Mindfulness and Subjective Well-Being of Indian University Students: Role of Resilience during COVID-19 Pandemic.

The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic is presently a global health issue that negatively affects the mental health and well-being of students globally. The latest investigations have recognized the role of mindfulness in individual subjective well-being. This study explores the mediating role of resilience in the overall relationship between mindfulness and subjective well-being among Indian university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. The data was collected between 10 August 2020 to 24 October 2020 via a self-administered questionnaire from 589 university students in India. Results revealed that resilience has a partial mediating role between mindfulness and subjective well-being. The results substantiate that resilience has an important role in mindfulness, exercising its advantageous effects on mental health of the students in higher education institutions. This research adds to the knowledge base of mindfulness and subjective well-being of university students, especially in contingent times. Lastly, the study contributes to the existing mindfulness theory.

Credible Protein Targets and Curative Strategies for COVID-19: a Review.

The pandemic of coronavirus infection 2019 (COVID-19) due to the serious respiratory condition created by the coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) presents a challenge to recognize effective strategies for management and treatment. In general, COVID-19 is an acute disease that can also be fatal, with an ongoing 10.2% case morbidity rate. Extreme illness may bring about death because of enormous alveolar damage and hemorrhage along with progressive respiratory failure. The rapidly expanding information with respect to SARS-CoV-2 research suggests a substantial number of potential drug targets. The most encouraging treatment to date is suggested to be with the help of remdesivir, hydroxychloroquine, and many such repurposed drugs. Remdesivir has a strong in vitro activity for SARS-CoV-2, yet it is not the drug of choice as affirmed by the US Food and Drug Administration and presently is being tried in progressing randomized preliminaries. The COVID-19 pandemic has been the worst worldwide general health emergency of this age and, possibly, since the pandemic influenza outbreak of 1918. The speed and volume of clinical preliminaries propelled to examine potential treatments for COVID-19 feature both the need and capacity to create abundant evidence even in the center of a pandemic. No treatments have been demonstrated as accurate and dependable to date. This review presents a concise precise of the targets and broad treatment strategies for the benefit of researchers.

Coumarin-based combined computational study to design novel drugs against Candida albicans.

Candida species cause the most prevalent fungal illness, candidiasis. Candida albicans is known to cause bloodstream infections. This species is a commensal bacterium, but it can cause hospital-acquired diseases, particularly in COVID-19 patients with impaired immune systems. Candida infections have increased in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Coumarins are both naturally occurring and synthetically produced. In this study, the biological activity of 40 coumarin derivatives was used to create a three-dimensional quantitative structure activity relationship (3D-QSAR) model. The training and test minimum inhibitory concentration values of C. albicans active compounds were split, and a regression model based on statistical data was established. This model served as a foundation for the creation of coumarin derivative QSARs. This is a unique way to create new therapeutic compounds for various ailments. We constructed novel structural coumarin derivatives using the derived QSAR model, and the models were confirmed using molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation.

Identification of SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors through phylogenetics and drug repurposing.

The novel coronavirus that has affected the whole world is declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. Since the emergence of this virus, researchers worldwide have searched for potential antivirals against it. Being an RNA virus, it shows a high rate of mutability and variability in its genome. In the present study, all the reported SARS-CoV-2 genomes isolated from diverse regions of the world available in the GISAID database have been considered for phylogenetic analysis. The strain identified at the root is subjected to phylogenetic analysis with genomes of other known human viruses obtained from NCBI for identifying the nearest viral neighbor. Furthermore, the phylogenetic relationship between various human viruses was used to repurpose the known antiviral drugs towards coronavirus using in silico docking approach. The phylogeny reveals the link of the COVID virus with adenovirus. The known drugs against adenovirus are considered in the present study for drug repurposing through molecular docking analysis. The reference inhibitors of the respective targets were also considered in the docking study. The protein targets, namely protease, endoribonuclease, methyltransferase, phosphatase, and spike protein, are considered for screening with the known drug of adenovirus. Ribavirin, known to treat adenoviral infection, shows the best docking score, suggesting its use as a repurposed drug to treat SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, the potency of the ribavirin drug is analyzed using molecular dynamics studies. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11224-022-02019-6.

Identification of SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors through phylogenetics and drug repurposing

The novel coronavirus that has affected the whole world is declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. Since the emergence of this virus, researchers worldwide have searched for potential antivirals against it. Being an RNA virus, it shows a high rate of mutability and variability in its genome. In the present study, all the reported SARS-CoV-2 genomes isolated from diverse regions of the world available in the GISAID database have been considered for phylogenetic analysis. The strain identified at the root is subjected to phylogenetic analysis with genomes of other known human viruses obtained from NCBI for identifying the nearest viral neighbor. Furthermore, the phylogenetic relationship between various human viruses was used to repurpose the known antiviral drugs towards coronavirus using in silico docking approach. The phylogeny reveals the link of the COVID virus with adenovirus. The known drugs against adenovirus are considered in the present study for drug repurposing through molecular docking analysis. The reference inhibitors of the respective targets were also considered in the docking study. The protein targets, namely protease, endoribonuclease, methyltransferase, phosphatase, and spike protein, are considered for screening with the known drug of adenovirus. Ribavirin, known to treat adenoviral infection, shows the best docking score, suggesting its use as a repurposed drug to treat SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, the potency of the ribavirin drug is analyzed using molecular dynamics studies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11224-022-02019-6.

Computational Identification of SARS-CoV-2 Inhibitor in Tinospora cordifolia, Cinnamomum zeylanicum and Myristica fragrans.

A novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, has spread over more than 100 countries all over the world. The World Health Organization has recognized Coronavirus as a pandemic and finding an effective drug for this infectious disease is of high importance. In this study, we have explored the potent inhibitors of COVID-19 main protease from Tinospora cordifolia an Ayurvedic herb locally called as Amrita meaning 'immortality' and two other Ayurveda plants namely Cinnamomum zeylanicum and Myristica fragrans. Saponarin, a phytochemical present in Tinospora cordifolia showed a very promising result with the binding affinity of - 8.75 kcal/mol. Remdesivir and Favipiravir, the experimental drugs that are known to show inhibitory activity towards COVID-19 are used as a control. The Docking results were verified by the means of molecular dynamic analysis. This study suggests that Saponarin can be a potential inhibitor for the main protease of the COVID-19.

Identification of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 inhibitors through in silico structure-based virtual screening and molecular interaction studies.

The novel coronavirus Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) or COVID-19 has caused a worldwide pandemic. The fatal virus has affected the health of human beings as well as the socio-economic situation all over the world. To date, no concrete medicinal solution has been proposed to combat the viral infection, calling for an urgent, strategic, and cost-effective drug development approach that may be achievable by applying targeted computational and virtual screening protocols. Immunity is the body's natural defense against disease-causing pathogens, which can be boosted by consuming plant-based or natural food products. Active constituents derived from natural sources also scavenge the free radicals and have anti-inflammatory activities. Herbs and spices have been used for various medicinal purposes. In this study, 2,96 365 natural and synthetic derivatives (ligands) belonging to 102 classes of compounds were obtained from PubChem and assessed on Lipinski's parameters for their potential bioavailability. Out of all the derivatives, 3254 obeyed Lipinski's rule and were virtually screened. The 115 top derivatives were docked against SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and HCoV-HKV1 main proteases (Mpro s) as receptors using AutoDock Vina, AutoDock, and iGEMDOCK 2.1. The lowest binding energy was exhibited by ligands 2 and 6 against all the four Mpro s. The molecular dynamic simulation was also performed with ligand 6 using the GROMACS package. Good bioactivity scores, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity profile and drug-like pharmacokinetic parameters were also obtained. Hydroxychloroquine was used as the control drug.

Immunoinformatic based identification of cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitopes from the Indian isolate of SARS-CoV-2.

The Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has turned into a pandemic with about thirty million confirmed cases worldwide as of September 2020. Being an airborne infection, it can be catastrophic to populous countries like India. This study sets to identify potential cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes in the SARS-CoV-2 Indian isolate which can act as an effective vaccine epitope candidate for the majority of the Indian population. The immunogenicity and the foreignness of the epitopes towards the human body have to be studied to further confirm their candidacy. The top-scoring epitopes were subjected to molecular docking studies to study their interactions with the corresponding human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system. The CTL epitopes were observed to bind at the peptide-binding groove of the corresponding HLA system, indicating their potency as an epitope candidate. The candidacy was further analyzed using sequence conservation studies and molecular dynamics simulation. The identified epitopes can be subjected to further studies for the development of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.

In silico validation of coumarin derivatives as potential inhibitors against Main Protease, NSP10/NSP16-Methyltransferase, Phosphatase and Endoribonuclease of SARS CoV-2.

Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) is recently declared pandemic (WHO) caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The virus was named Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), (Coronavirus Disease 2019). Currently, there is no specific drug for the therapy of COVID-19. So, there is a need to develop or find out the new drug from the existing to cure the COVID-19. Identification of a potent inhibitor of Methyltransferase, Endoribonuclease, Phosphatase and Main Protease enzymes of SARS CoV-2 by coumarin derivatives using insilico approach. The in silico studies were performed on maestro 12.0 software (Schrodinger LLC 2019, USA). Two thousand seven hundred fifty-five biologically active coumarin derivative was docked with above receptor proteins of SARS CoV-2. The molecular dynamic simulation of the top one ligand of respected proteins was performed. Top five ligands of each protein were taken for study. Coumarin derivatives actively interact with taken receptors and showed good docking results for Methyltransferase, Endoribonuclease, Phosphatase and Main Protease and top five compounds of each have docking score from -9.00 to -7.97, -8.42 to -6.80, -8.63 to -7.48 and -7.30 to -6.01 kcal/mol, respectively. The docked compounds were showed RMSD and binding stability of simulated ligands are show the potency of ligands against the SARS CoV-2. Our study provides information on drugs that may be a potent inhibitor of COVID-19 infection. Drug repurposing of the available drugs would be great help in the treatment of COVID-19 infection. The combination therapy of the finding may improve inhibitory activity. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. SarmaHighlightsCoronavirus Disease (COVID-19) is recently declared pandemic (WHO) caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).In silico virtual screening, docking, ADME, MM-GBSA and MD simulation analysis of coumarin derivatives against Methyltransferase (MTase), Endoribonuclease(endoU), ADP ribose Phosphatase and Main Protease enzyme of SARS CoV-2.All the analysis was performed on Maestro 12.0 Schrodinger software against respective receptors.Top five compounds of coumarin derivatives s docked at the active site of Methyltransferase (MTase), Endoribonuclease(endoU), ADP ribose Phosphatase and protease and top five compounds of each have docking score from -9.00 to -7.97, -8.42 to -6.80, -8.63 to -7.48 and -7.30 to -6.01 kcal/mol, respectively, of SARS CoV-2.These compounds were used to analysis of binding free energy by using the Prime MM-GBSA module.All the compounds showed drug-likeness properties.MD simulation of Proteins and ligands showed binding stability and good RMSD, radius of gyration of protein, coulomb-SR and LJ-SR energy.

Virtual screening, ADME/T, and binding free energy analysis of anti-viral, anti-protease, and anti-infectious compounds against NSP10/NSP16 methyltransferase and main protease of SARS CoV-2.

Recently, a pathogen has been identified as a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and found to trigger novel pneumonia (COVID-19) in human beings and some other mammals. The uncontrolled release of cytokines is seen from the primary stages of symptoms to last acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Thus, it is necessary to find out safe and effective drugs against this deadly coronavirus as soon as possible. Here, we downloaded the three-dimensional model of NSP10/NSP16 methyltransferase (PDB-ID: 6w6l) and main protease (PDB-ID: 6lu7) of COVID-19. Using these molecular models, we performed virtual screening with our anti-viral, inti-infectious, and anti-protease compounds, which are attractive therapeutics to prevent infection of the COVID-19. We found that top screened compound binds with protein molecules with good dock score with the help of hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonding. We observed that protease complexed with Cyclocytidine hydrochloride (anti-viral and anti-cancer), Trifluridine (anti-viral), Adonitol, and Meropenem (anti-bacterial), and Penciclovir (anti-viral) bound with a good docking score ranging from -6.8 to -5.1 (Kcal/mol). Further, NSP10/NSP16 methyltransferase complexed with Telbivudine, Oxytetracycline dihydrate (anti-viral), Methylgallate (anti-malarial), 2-deoxyglucose and Daphnetin (anti-cancer) from the docking score of -7.0 to -5.7 (Kcal/mol). In conclusion, the selected compounds may be used as a novel therapeutic agent to combat this deadly pandemic disease, SARS-CoV-2 infection, but needs further experimental research.HighlightsNSP10/NSP16 methyltransferase and main protease complex of SARS CoV-2 bind with selected drugs.NSP10/NSP16 methyltransferase and protease interacted with drugs by hydrophobic interactions.Compounds show good DG binging free energy with protein complexes.Ligands were found to follow the Lipinski rule of five.